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Besides, the open hole segmentation will also project a steady rate. Due to its usage of sensors for measuring reservoirs.

Based on service — This segmentation includes the electrical and slick line. In this view, electrical lines will hold significant market shares as its capability to avoid capital wastages. However, there has been steady growth in slack lines over the years. Based on Location - In this segment of the market, the market size is subdivided into onshore and offshore.

There has been an increasing preference for shale gas to reduce carbon emissions. Thus, onshore market growth will be higher than offshore. Based on Application - This segment is further categorized in well intervention, completion, and logging. In this view, well logging is estimated to have higher market shares due to increasing demand for shale gas and crude oil.

It is being anticipated that in upcoming years, well intervention will also register high growth. Key market players are listed below. North America will capture the highest market share. Owning to largest oilfield discoveries. In the year , the market growth reached In Northern America, there is high demand for wireline services due to the recent shale gas boom within the region. Also, Canada and the USA are conducting numerous drilling projects which are expected to boost the market growth.

Also, the Middle East and Africa have received large investments from companies in the oil and gas industry. In the year , Qatar initiated drilling campaigns which have increased production and exploration activities. In the year , the US government had announced fracking of approximately 1 million private and public land.

In the same year, one of the largest independent companies in the oil and gas field was formed with a multibillion-euro merger deal. Also, Halliburton announced its Elect Frac that enables multi-stage fracturing processes.

The Elect Frac sleeve is evolutionary which supports flexibility in the optimized reservoir with adequate stimulated options. The key market players have been focusing on the development of technological development for producing and exploring oil and gas. The report includes analysis including factors like market overview, COVID analysis, market dynamics, value chain analysis, segment overview, competitive landscape, and recent development.

Oil price recovery Increasing oil exploration and field development activities Rising number of mature oil wells. Market growth has declined to own to reduced demand, business instability, price along ensuring high employee safety. Also, the wireline services industryis witnessing degrowth associated with businesses like manufacturing, automotive, aviation, and others. Due to the pandemic prices of crude oil are reduced which be recovered in the upcoming years.

During the forecast, investments will increase offshore production. The use of EOR thermal technologies will be another driving factor. It is estimated thatNorth America will capture the highest market share. Due to the largest oilfield discoveries.

Also, the year , reached a market growth of Over the years, there has been increasing focus on the operational performances of equipment. Besides, the equipment industry is witnessing a reduction in capital expenses due to whichoil field companies have reaped opportunities foradopting digitized devices, solutions, and other services.

Also, there have been increasing investments in product launches to improve wireline services. Due to this, there has been increased continuous development of technology. Features With Aradia software you can manage your operations and review the current status and job history of all your assets, past and present, from your computer, tablet or smart phone.

Pumpdown Modeling Pumpdown Modeling Read more. Data Streaming Data Streaming Read more. Job Scheduling Job Scheduling Read more. Operations Reports Operations Reports Read more. Equipment Maintenance Equipment Maintenance Read more. The items comprising the diagnostic prediction rules were calculated post hoc by the authors based on the clinical data records at the time of CTPA request. If there was no documentation for a component of any score it was considered absent.

The Wells score ranges from 0 to PE was considered equally likely based on the attendant physician's impression recorded in the medical chart.

In the standard approach, patients classified as high clinical probability on Wells or Geneva scores are selected to perform CTPA. The age-adjusted D-dimer threshold was defined by multiplying the patients' age by ten in patients above 50 years old [ 10 ]. The YEARS algorithm is based on D-dimer levels and three clinical variables: haemoptysis, signs or symptoms of deep vein thrombosis and whether PE is the most likely diagnosis [ 7 ]. All other patients should perform CTPA.

All other patients, including those with high clinical probability, should perform CTPA. Pretest clinical probability in this algorithm is based on Wells score described above. Categorical variables were presented as frequency rates and percentages and continuous variables as median with interquartile range. Categorial and continuous variables were compared using Pearson chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests, respectively.

Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, likelihood ratios and diagnostic odds ratio were calculated and compared among the different diagnostic prediction rules.

The discriminative power of each score to predict PE was determined by receiver operating characteristic ROC curve analysis and the area under the curve AUC was calculated.

The study flowchart is summarized in Fig. Study flowchart. The demographic, clinical and laboratory features of patients with and without PE are shown in Table 1.

Thrombolytic therapy was not performed in any patient. Notably, PE was documented in three patients under anticoagulation 1 patient with lobar and 2 with subsegmental involvement , two of those died during hospitalization. Anthropometric and clinical characteristics of patients admitted with COVID and PE suspicion at baseline all patients and according to the outcome with or without pulmonary embolism. Despite being older, PE patients did not differ from non-PE patients regarding comorbidities, traditional risk factors for venous thromboembolism VTE and signs and symptoms at the ED presentation.

Although elevated in all patients, those with PE had higher D-dimer levels compared with non-PE patients.

In univariate analysis, only age OR: 1. None of the comorbidities or traditional risk factors for VTE were identified as PE predictors in this cohort. Considering adverse clinical outcomes, PE occurrence was an independent predictor of hospitalization OR: 5. Table 2 shows the diagnostic performance and number of CTPAs correctly avoided in our cohort when progressively higher D-dimer cut-offs were applied.

Sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value of each D-Dimer threshold and the correspondent number of CTPA correctly avoid and missed diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Table 3 illustrates the accuracy of the different diagnostic prediction rules for PE. No differences were found in Wells and Geneva scores and traditional risk factors between groups. Regarding patients with PE, In addition, according to Wells or Geneva score, none of the patients was classified as having a high probability of PE.

Thus, these scores shown no predictive value for PE occurrence OR: 1. Among those patients, 3 had PE 2 patients with lobar and one patient with subsegmental involvement. Regarding specificity, an age-adjusted cut-off resulted in a substantial increase in specificity compared to the standard cut-off Except for older age, we found no differences regarding comorbidities, traditional risk factors for VTE and signs and symptoms at presentation between patients with and without PE.

Wells and Geneva scores have been used for decades to predict PE. Currently, the need for CTPA is determined by combining the clinical probability with D-dimer levels [ 9 ]. However, considering that COVID patients have a different thrombotic and inflammatory milieu, the usefulness of these prediction rules for PE in this condition is a matter of debate. Previous studies demonstrated no differences between patients with and without PE regarding traditional risk factors for VTE [ 11 , [14] , [15] , [16] ].

Furthermore, Whyte M. This finding highlights the importance of the association between the induced COVID hyperinflammatory status and a thrombotic outcome [ 17 ]. Moreover, We demonstrated that even when clinical pretest probability, evaluated by these scores, was combined with the D-dimer measurement, the discriminative power to predict PE in COVID patients remains low. The main advantage of these scores is their ability to safely reduce CTPA requests by adjusting the D-dimer cut-off to the clinical probability.

To the best of our knowledge, our study was the first to compare these new proposed algorithms' diagnostic performance with the standard approach based on Wells or Geneva scores to predict PE in COVID patients.

These algorithms were associated with an absolute reduction of However, they were also associated with decreased sensitivity that, although not statistically significant, is clinically relevant. In agreement with previous studies, we found that PE patients had significantly higher D-dimer levels than non-PE patients [ 12 , 20 ].



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